Improvement in machines for rounding and backing books



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R. F. FOSTER, T. S. BAYLIE 81.1. HARBIN.

Machines for Rou ndingand Back ng Books.

N0, 137,192, 'PatentedNlarch 25,1873.

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Machines for Rounding and Backing Books'. No. 137,192. 'Pafe'nredMarch25,1-873.

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mainssvsr Rounding and Backing Banks.

No. '537,1Q2. Patemedmarchznas.

AM. PHoTo-umosRAFmc ca mdmamve P/mcfss) UNITED STATES APATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT'F. FOSTER, THOMAS S. BAYLIE, AND JAMES HARBLv, `on WASH- INGTON, DISTRICT Yor COLUMBIA.l

Y. IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR ROUNDING AND BACKING BOOKS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 137,192, dated March 25, 1873.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that we, THOMAS S. BAYLIE, and JAMES HARBIN, all of the city and county of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a certain Machine for Rounding and Backing Books, of which the following is a specification:

Nature and Objects of the Intention.

In the operation of binding books, or of manufacturing bound books, the sheets are first sewed together; and the books as thus produced are then cut inl square form. The sewed side of each book is then coated with glue to more securely unite the sections and to preserve the final shape of the book; and when this coating is in proper Condition-before it becomes perfectly hard or set-the books are passed through the rounding and backing operations. Rounding expresses the production of the concavity of the face or open edge of the book. Backing is the operation of forming the back or closed edge of the book, and includes joiuting, which comprises solidifying a book and spreading its back to form the joints or depressions for the reception of the sides or binding-boards. Machinery for backing or jointing books has been used; but the rounding operation has heretofore been practically accomplished only by hand hammering.

This invention relates to a cheapening and labor-savingmachine for rounding and back- -ing books at one continuous operation in a rapid and superior manner, the agency employed being rollers applied as hereinafter set forth. The invention consists, primarily, in

. rounding books by means of a pair of rollers operatin g in combination with a suitable form or mandrel applied to the faces of the books; secondly, in the employment of changeable rollers and forms for rounding books of different thicknesses; thirdly, in the employment of the said form as a shoulder on a reciprooatin g feed-table or plunger to introduce the books between pressing-rollers 5 fourthly7 in one or more pairs of pressing-rollers', adjustable as to distance apart, and driven through suitable gearin gto 'receive the books from the roundingmechanism, so as to preserve their form, and to eX press the air so as to solidify the books; lifthly, in an adjustable clamp arranged to ROBERT F. FOSTER,

receive the rbooks from the pressing-rollers, and to hold them during the completion of the backing operation, and in a gage-stop combined therewith to arrest the books in proper position.

Description of the Drawing.

Figure 1 and Fig. 2 are opposite side eleva tions of a machine forrounding and backing books illustrating this invention. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal` section of the same on the line a a., Fig. 4, illustrating the rounding operation." Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, on the line b b, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is avertical longitudinal section of the delivery end `A, is constructed of any suitable form and materials. The top of this frame is preferably inclined, as represented, the higher end being of suitable height for a standing workman who feeds the machine. The books are discharged at the `lower end onto an endless apron, olfbearer, or a receiving-box. The square books are placed, one at a time, on areceiving--table, B, which is mounted at the higher end of the frame in longitudinal Ways so as to slide back and forth. At the outer end of this table a bracket, C, is erected thereon to support a form or mandrel, D, which constitutes also a shoulder to adapt the table to operate as a plunger. A pair of rounding-rollers, E, are arranged so as to coact with the form D during the first part of its forward movement with the table B. The continued movement of the table introduces the back edge of the book which is being formed between the first of a series of pairs of pressing-rollers, F. These express all air from between the leaves and deliver the rounded and solidified book onto a table, G, which, in combination with a parallel jaw, G2, constitutes a cla-mp to hold the book during the completion of the backing operation.` A gage-stop, H, Fig. 6, arrests the book in proper position. A.A backing-rollenl, is mounted lin ahframe, J, which vcarries the same back and springs t.

forth vertically across the delivery end of the clamp G G2 to back or joint the book. When this is retracted the book is released and discharged. Attachingscrews z, in combination with slots y, or their equivalents, provide for adjusting the form-bracket G to suit booksV of Y different widths. To provide for rounding books of different thicknesses, the form D is adjustable vertically by means of screws and sliding boxes fw, or their equivalent. The form or mandrel preferably consists of a cylindrical roller, the back of which may serve for rounding thin books. An undercut groove in the front of the form receives interchangeable face-plates c of the proper size or shape for any given thickness of book. In the illustration, the rounding-rollers E are supported and guided by pivoted arms a drawn together to hold the rollers in normal position by Rollers of different sizes are preferably employed for rounding thicker and thinner books. 'Io further adapt these rollers to operate in proper manner, the pivots of their arms a may be adjusted to correspond with vthe center of the thickness of book being formed, and so as also to vary the radius of the movement of the rollers, if desired, by the employment of graduated series of sockets therefor, and pivot-holes in the arms, as represented, or otherwise. These rounding-rollers operate by coming in contact with the square book at its center, and moving outwardly on the convex back as they round the face of the book against the form D or its faceplate c, as illustrated in Fig. 3. The pressingrollers F are larranged in two parallel series, the upper of which is movable, to provide for regulating the pressure on books of different thicknesses. These upper rollers may be mounted in a bearing-frame, K, of suitable structure, guided perpendicularly to the inclined plane of the mechanism, and this frame may be supported and adjusted by a central screw-pendant, L, furnished with a hand-wheel, M, for turning it, as represented. The clamp G G2 is made adjustable, to adapt it to properly hold books of different thicknesses, and to vary its pressing action by means of screws s and slots r, or their equivalent, asy means for attaching the upper plate or jaw G2 to its arms or yokes N, and said slots may serve also to receive guide-lugs q, Fig. 3. The gage-stop H may also be adjustable to vary the projection ofthe book, which determines the size or depth of joint produced. The backing-roller I is removable, to permit the employment of interchangeable rollers for books of different thicknesses, and is also adjustable in its frame J by means of slidin g journal-boxes p, with screwstems o, beveled gear-nuts a, and a shaft, m, with hand-wheel l and pinions 7c, for rotating the vsaid nuts in unison, or by any preferred device. The pivot of the backing-roller frame J mayV also be adjustable correspondingly with 'the pivot ofthe rounding-roller arms u and with the center ofthe thickness of bookbein gformed. YThese adjustments, or their equivalents, ada-pt a given machine to form books of varicus'sizes and thicknesses within certain limits. For larger or smaller books different machines, with like scope, may be employed, the size of the pressing-rollers also being varied, preferably.

The mechanism forA operating the various parts admits of considerable modification. In the illustration, (reference being made to the drawing,) S represents a horizontal drivingshaft, transverse to the machine, and O O2 and P represent tight and loose pulleys and abeveled pinion thereon. S2 represents a longitudinal shaft on the same side of the machine. (See Fig. 2.) P2 represents a bevel-gear on the upper end of this shaft, meshing with a driving-pinion, P. i P3 P4 represent pairs of bevelgears connecting the lower pressingrollers F, respectively, to this shaft; and P5 Ps represent a. pair of bevel-gears, and X6 X6 a reversing-train of spur-wheels connecting a transverse shaft, S2, to the same. S4 represents a; perpendicular shaft on the opposite side of the machine, (see Fig. 1,) and P7 P8 represent bevelgears connecting the same with the rst of the lower pressing-rollers F. P9 P9 represent bevel-gears on the ,projecting shafts of the upper pressing-rollers F; S5,-a longitudinal shaft carried by the bearing-frame K of said rollers; and P10 P10, pinions thereon to connect the said gears P9. P11 represents a bevel-gear on the perpendicular shaft S4, connected thereto by a spline, and to the bearingframe K, so as to be raised and lowered therewith, in mesh with the adjoining gear P9, to drive the connected upper pressing-rollers. SG S7 S2, Figs. 3 to 6, represent shafts parallel to the transverse shaft S3. Q R, Fig. l, represent a cam and a spur-sector on the outer end of the shaft S3, and T a crank-arm on the corresponding end of shaft S6. U represents a yoke-slide engaged by the cam Q, and V a link connecting this slide to the crank-arm T. An intermittent rocking motion is thus imparted to the shaft S6. T2 represents a second crankarm on this shaft, and V2 a second link connecting this arm to the delivery-table G, to slide the same back and forth. W represents a rod connecting the delivery-table G and feeding-table B, so that they move in unison.A X X2 represent spur-wheels connecting the shafts S3 and S7, and Q2 Q2 represent cams on the latter shaft. N2 represents a bar trunnioned in the lower ends of the yokes N, to which the plate or jaw G2 of the clamp G G2 is attached. i represents a second trunnioned rod; h h, journal-brackets supporting the same; and g g, arms proj ectin gtherefrom through the rod N2, to support the latter against turning on its axis, and to guide thelower ends ofthe yokes N; ff represent steel blocks applied to the bar N2, to engage withthe cams Q2, by the action of which the jaw G2 is drawn down to compress and hold the book during the completion ofthe backing operation. v f2 f2 represent incased springs yor cushions beneath the blocks f, to furnish a yielding support thereto. By this provision, in case one or more entra sections are introduced, so as to increase the thickness of a book beyond that for which the parts are adjusted, the clamp will yield, and the breakage which might otherwise result is thus obviated. Similar cushions may be introduced elsewhere in the machine. Y represents a spring for elevating the jaw G2 when it is released. X3 represents a spur-wheel on the shaft S8 to engage with the spur-sector R, and T3 T4, Fi gs. 1 and 6, represent cranks-the latter a diskforming parts of said shaft.

`Referring to Fig. 6, e represents a hanger depending from the delivery-table G, and Z represents a lever pivoted thereto and embracing the wrist of the crank T3. S9 represents a shaft, toV which the gage-stop H is attached, and X4 represents a pinion thereon. R2 represents a rack on the under side of the table G to engage with this pinion X4. d represents one of a pair of slotted bearings to support and guide the shaft S9. V3 represents a link connecting the shaft S9 to the upper endof the lever Z. The object of this mechanism is to cause the stop H to advance to the position represented in full lines in Fig. 6 at the proper moment to arrest a book'until the clamp G G2 closes thereon, and then to withdraw the stop before the backing-roller I. The stop, as thus retracted and as carried back with the table G, is represented, with its appurtenances, by dotted outlines in the figure.

Referring again to Fig. 1, X5 represents a spur-wheel attached to the frame J of the backing-roller I, concentric with its axis, and R3 a spur-sector engaging therewith. T5 represents a crank or lever arm attached adjustably to the spur-sectoruRZ, and V4 a link or pitman correspondingly attached to the eX- tremity of this arm to connect it with the crank-disk T4. crepresents a slot 5 c2, a screw 5 and c3, perforations to constitute adjustable connections between the arm T5 and sector T4 and between the said arm and the link V4, to regulate the movements of the backingroller.

The operation of the machine as a whole, considered brieiy, is as follows: A constant rotation is imparted tothe pressing-rollers F and proper intermittent motions to the feeding and delivery tablesB G and to the clamp-jaw G2, stop E, and backing-roller I. A square book placed on the feeding-table B is first acted on by the rounding mechanism and then fed between the pressing-rollers F. Simultaneously the delivery table G receives a rounded book from the pressing-rollers F, carries it to the stop H, and then, in connection with the clamping-jaw G2, holds the book securely fora certain period, during which the backing-roller I operates, the stop H receding before it. Finally, the clamping-jaw G2 is elevated, and, the stop H being in retracted position, the released book is discharged. The feeding and delivery tables then make their return movement, the former to receive another square book and the latter to receive the rounded book which was received. by the feeding-table at the beginning of the operation, and which has been pressed, meanwhile, by the rollers F.

The delivery-table G may be stationary and other details of the machine may be varied. The operating parts being inclined, as shown and described, the machine is adapted to feed automatically.

1f preferred, the mechanism may be arranged in a horizontal plane.

Claims.

The following is claimed as new:

l. The rounding-rollers E, operating substantially as herein described, in combination with a form or mandrel and a supporting table or holder, for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of changeable rollers and forms or mandrels for rounding books of different thicknesses.

3. The rounding form or mandrel D erected on the feedin g-table B to operate in connection therewith to introduce the books between the pressingrollers, substantially as set forth.

4. The pressing# rollers F, in combination with the rounding-rollers E, for receiving the rounded books' so as to preserve their form, and for expressing the air so as to solidify the books, as set forth.

5. The clamp G G2, arranged and operated substantially as described, in combination with the pressingrollers F and backing-roller J, for holding the rounded books during the backing operation.

6. The stop-gage Il, arranged and operating substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

7. The combination of a feeding-table, B, a rounding form or mandrel, D, roundingrollers E, pressing-rollers F, a clamp, G G2, and a backing-roller, I, arranged and. operating substantially as herein described, for rounding and backing books by automatic machinery at one continuous operation, as set forth.

To the above specification of our machine for rounding and backing books we have hereunto set our hands this 20th day of December, 1872.

ROBERT F.' FOSTER. THOS. S. BAYLIE. Witnesses: JAMES BARBIN,

GorAvrUs KNIGHT, WALTER. ALLEN. 

